Association of microbiota with hair and scalp diseases / 中华皮肤科杂志

Skin microbiota is associated with various skin diseases. Scalp hair follicles penetrate deeply into the skin, and carry complex microbial communities distinct from those on the skin surface. Local imbalance of microbial communities may impair the skin barrier function, leading to a variety of hair and scalp diseases. This review discusses changes in microbial diversity and colonization by specific microorganisms in various hair diseases, including dandruff, folliculitis decalvans, etc., and provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for various hair and scalp diseases.

Effects of chemical straighteners on the hair shaft and scalp

Abstract Background The effects of chemical straighteners on the scalp and hair shaft are not fully known, although such substances are widely used. Hair straightening became popular in Brazil with the use of formaldehyde and its derivatives, despite the prohibition by the current legislation. Objective To identify changes in hair shaft and scalp caused by the use of chemical straighteners. Methods A search was performed using keywords in three databases from 03/16/2020 to 05/20/2020, with publications between the years 2000 to 2020. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 articles were selected for review. Results In some studies, hair relaxers were associated with eczema, desquamation, pain, burns, and inflammation in the scalp. Hair loss, damage to the shaft, alteration in the color of the hairs and in the composition of their amino acids were observed. Findings are variable across the studies. Study limitations The search was restricted to three databases, in two languages, different study designs were accepted. Conclusions Straightening techniques can have side effects, including scalp inflammation, damage to the shaft, and hair loss. Its long-term effects remain unknown and further studies are necessary.

Microagulhamento do couro cabeludo como terapia complementar no tratamento da alopecia de padrão feminino / Scalp microneedling as a complementary therapy for female pattern hair loss

A alopecia de padrão feminino figura dentre as queixas mais frequentes no consultório dermatológico e afeta até 50% das mulheres no climatério e na pós-menopausa. Apesar da existência de múltiplas terapias hoje disponíveis, algumas pacientes mostram-se refratárias aos tratamentos convencionais, sendo necessária a associação de tratamentos de segunda linha para a obtenção de bons resultados estéticos. Este trabalho ilustra as vantagens do microagulhamento nesse cenário por meio do relato de uma paciente de 48 anos de idade que não apresentou boa resposta clínica à associação do minoxidil tópico e à finasterida oral.

Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is one of the most frequent complaints in dermatological practice. It affects up to 50% of climacteric and postmenopausal women. Despite multiple therapies available nowadays, some patients are refractory to conventional treatments, requiring the association of second-line therapies to obtain good aesthetic results. This paper aims to show the advantages of microneedling of the scalp for such cases by reporting the case of a 48-years-old patient who failed to the association of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride therapy

Uma revisão sistemática e metanálise sobre a associação entre alopecia androgenética e o risco de síndrome metabólica / A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between androgenic alopecia and the risk of metabolic syndrome

Este estudo conduziu uma revisão sistemática de estudos sobre a relação entre alopecia androgênica e síndrome metabólica. Realizamos uma revisão abrangente de bancos de dados, incluindo PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Scopus e Embase, e extraímos artigos relevantes publicados de 2010 a 2018. Os relatos de caso, artigos de revisão ou artigos sem textos completos foram excluídos. Nove estudos foram examinados para a etapa de metanálise. Os resultados mostraram uma relação significativa entre alopecia e síndrome metabólica (OR = 2,81; IC 95% = 2,16-3,66; I2 = 73%; P = 0,0003). Existe uma correlação significativa entre a alopecia androgênica e a síndrome metabólica.

This study conducted a systematic review of studies on the relationship between androgenic alopecia and metabolic syndrome. We performed a comprehensive review of databases including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase, and extracted relevant articles published from 2010 to 2018. The case reports, review articles, or studies lacking full-text articles were excluded. We examined nine studies for the meta-analysis step. The results showed a significant relationship between alopecia and metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.81; CI 95% = 2.16-3.66; I2 = 73%; P = 0.0003). There is a significant correlation between androgenic alopecia and metabolic syndrome

Moniletrix of the scalp from almost normal aspect to total alopecia: variable intrafamilial expressiveness

Abstract Monilethrix is a rare defect of the hair shaft, with most cases showing an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and variable clinical expression. It is characterized by hypotrichosis secondary to hair fragility. The diagnosis is made through trichoscopy, detecting typical findings such as periodic narrowing at regular intervals, giving the hair the appearance of beads in a rosary. This article reports the case of six members of a family diagnosed with monilethrix with alopecia of varying degrees.

Abordagem dos aspectos técnicos no preparo da lâmina de tricograma com base de esmalte incolor / How to prepare a trichogram with transparent enamel base coat?

O tricograma configura-se em método semi-invasivo de fácil aplicabilidade e baixo custo, útil na avaliação dos diversos tipos de queda capilar no consultório dermatológico. Até o momento, não há padronização da técnica para coleta e realização do exame. A utilização de meios de interface entre lâmina e lamínula para a leitura do tricograma à microscopia óptica varia amplamente na literatura. Dentre as alternativas, a utilização de base de esmalte incolor configura-se em opção barata, acessível e prática, além de permitir a visualização das hastes capilares com mínima formação de artefato

The trichogram pictures an easy and semi-invasive method useful in the evaluation of different types of hair loss in daily practice. As of yet, there is no standardized methodology on how to collect and perform the exam. The use of liquid interface between blade and coverslip to read the trichogram under optical microscopy varies widely in the literature. Among the alternatives, the use of translucid fingernail polish is an inexpensive, accessible, and practical option, providing the examiner with proper visualization of the hair shafts with minimal artifact formation.

Flutuações sazonais e do horário de verão nas pesquisas do Google para dermatite seborreica do couro cabeludo / Seasonal and daylight saving time fluctuations in Google searches for scalp seborrheic dermatitis

Acredita-se que a dermatite seborreica do couro cabeludo, ou caspa, piore em gravidade durante o inverno, quando ocorre o nascer do sol tardio e menos luz do dia. Neste estudo, investigamos as tendências no interesse do mecanismo de pesquisa pelo termo "caspa", visto que se relacionam com as mudanças na luz do dia, nascer do sol e sazonalidade. Analisamos o interesse de pesquisa em vários países de latitudes variáveis em um período de cinco anos e exploramos o efeito do horário de verão sobre o interesse por doenças em duas cidades dos Estados Unidos. Discutimos nossas descobertas no contexto de mudanças hormonais e cuidados com a pele/comportamento

Scalp seborrheic dermatitis, or dandruff, is thought to worsen during the winter when there is later sunrise and less daylight. This study investigates trends in search engine interest for the term "dandruff" as they relate to changes in daylight, sunrise, and seasonality. We investigated the search interest in several countries of varying latitudes over a five-year period, and we explore the effect of daylight saving time on disease interest within two cities in the United States. We discuss our findings in the context of hormonal changes and skincare/behavior

Neonatal tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome caused by SKIV2L gene mutation: a case report / 中华围产医学杂志

We here report the diagnosis and treatment of tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome in a female neonate. The 11-day-old patient, born at a gestational age of 38 weeks and with a birth weight of 1 700 g, was admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University in January 2019 due to "skin stained yellow for 6 d". She presented with yellow, thin, and sparse hair that was easy to fall off, intractable diarrhea, repeated fever, and slow weight gain, further complicated by congenital heart disease. After 25-days of treatment, the child's infection was under control, but still had diarrhea. The baby girl was discharge later on request of her parents, but readmitted at the age of 3 months due to pulmonary infection. Delayed development, malnutrition, prominent forehead, wide eye distance, low nasal bridge, hepatomegaly, and intractable diarrhea were also observed. Whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous mutation of c.2344delC(p.His782fs) in SKIV2L gene in the baby, and both her parents were heterozygous carriers of the mutation at this site. She was diagnosed with SKIV2L gene mutation-induced tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome. The patient suffered from sustained diarrhea and recurrent infection and died of infection at 4 months of age after her parents' decision to withdraw treatment.

Reporte de manejo exitoso con simvastatina y ezetimibe en alopecia areata / A report of successful management with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in alopecia areata

La alopecia areata es un tipo común de alopecia no cicatricial. Aunque la patogénesis exacta permanece sin dilucidar, se piensa que la alopecia areata tiene una etiología multifactorial en donde se interrelacionan predisposición genética y factores ambientales. En pacientes susceptibles, se han documentado que el estrés, infecciones y microtraumas disminuyen las citoquinas inmunosupresoras que normalmente mantienen el privilegio inmune del folículo piloso. Actualmente no hay terapia curativa para la alopecia areata, aunque ciertos tratamientos pueden inducir el crecimiento del cabello en un porcentaje de pacientes. Se postula que la simvastatina restablece el privilegio inmune y ezetimibe aportaría un efecto inmunomodulador y antiinflamatorio. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 23 años con alopecia areata, exitosamente tratada con simvastatina y ezetimibe.

Alopecia areata is a common type of non-scarring alo¬pecia. Although the exact pathogenesis remains elusive, alopecia areata is thought to have a multifactorial etiology described as an interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. In patients with genetic susceptibility, stress, infection, and microtrauma have been documented to decrease immunosuppressive cytokines that generally maintain the hair follicle's immune privilege. There is currently no curative therapy for alopecia areata, although some treatments can induce hair growth in a percentage of patients. It has been postulated that simvastatin reestablishes the immune privilege, and ezetimibe would provide an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect. We report a case of a 23 years-old woman with alopecia areata successfully treated with simvastatin/ezetimibe.

Pilomatrix carcinoma of the lacrimal caruncle: a case report / Carcinoma pilomatricial da carúncula lacrimal: relato de caso

ABSTRACT A 45-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of a mass located in the caruncle of his right eye. An incisional biopsy had been performed one month prior by another specialist, and the histopathology report showed basal cell carcinoma. The mass was completely excised with a 2 mm safety margin, and the large conjunctival defect was reconstructed with one sheet of amniotic membrane allograft. A histological diagnosis of pilomatrix carcinoma was established. To prevent recurrence after surgery, we added bevacizumab (25 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL per drop) eye drops four times per day for three months. At the one-year follow-up, the patient showed no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis after initial excision and remains under close follow-up. Pilomatrix carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a caruncular mass.

RESUMO Um homem de 45 anos apresentou história de massa na carúncula no olho direito durante 3 meses. Uma biópsia incisional foi realizada 1 mês antes por outro especialista e o laudo histopatológico mostrava carcinoma basocelular. A massa foi completamente excisada, com uma margem de segurança de 2 mm, e a grande lesão conjuntival foi reconstruída com uma folha de aloenxerto de membrana amniótica. Foi estabelecido um diagnóstico histológico de carcinoma pilomatricial. Para evitar a recorrência após a cirurgia, adicionamos colírio de bevacizumabe (25 mg/mL, 1,25 mg/mL por gota) quatro vezes ao dia durante três meses. No seguimento de 1 ano, o paciente não apresentou evidência de recidiva local ou metástase distante após a excisão inicial e continua sob acompanhamento próximo. O carcinoma pilomatricial deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de uma massa caruncular.

Estudio sobre la pérdida de cabello y las prácticas de cuidado entre los estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales, Manizales (Colombia), 2016 / Study on hair loss and care practices among students of the Universidad de Manizales, Manizales (Colombia), 2016

Objetivo: el ambiente universitario sumado a las exigencias de tipo mental, físico y demás, representaría un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de patologías capilares, que impliquen la pérdida de cabello, dentro de la población de estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar la frecuencia del fenómeno de la caída de cabello en estudiantes regulares de la Universidad de Manizales, Manizales (Colombia), 2016. Materiales y métodos: estudio poblacional de corte transversal analítico, en una muestra de 330 estudiantes de la Universidad de Manizales. Se aplicó un instrumento que medía variables demográficas, variables de cuidado capilar y las escalas de alopecia androgénica Hamilton-Norwood y Ludwig. Resultados: edad promedio 21,8 años. Según las escalas empleadas el 55,7% de los estudiantes presentan caída de cabello. Se encontró enfermedad autoinmune en 7,6% de la muestra, siendo la más común el hipotiroidismo autoinmune en un 44%. El antecedente de alopecia se encontró en el 42,7% de los participantes. El nivel de estrés encontrado fue moderado en un 76,7% según cuestionario de estrés de examen de Cisco. Hubo relación significativa (p=0,000) entre el fenómeno de caída de cabello detectado y el programa académico cursado por el estudiante, siendo los más afectados contaduría 85%, derecho 75% y medicina 72%. Psicología reportó la menor cifra con 27,5%. El 84% de los estudiantes con enfermedad autoinmune presentan caída de cabello, el porcentaje de caída de cabello en quienes refirieron estrés de examen moderdo fue de 59,4%. Conclusiones: en la población del presente estudio se encuentra una proporción alta de caída de cabello, lo que hace urgente una intervención..(AU)

Objective: the university environment added to the demands of mental, physical and other types, would represent a risk factor for the development of hair pathologies, involving hair loss, within the population of university students. The objective of the present investigation is to identify the frequency of the phenomenon of hair loss in regular students of the University of Manizales, Manizales (Colombia), 2016. Materials and methods: analytical cross-sectional population study, in a sample of 330 students of the Universidad de Manizales. An instrument that measured demographic variables, capillary care variables and the androgenic alopecia scales Hamilton-Norwood and Ludwig was applied. Results: average age 21.8 years. According to the scales used, 55.7% of students show hair loss. Autoimmune disease was found in 7.6% of the sample, the most common being autoimmune hypothyroidism in 44%. The history of alopecia was found in 42.7% of the participants. The level of stress found was moderate by 76.7% according to the Cisco exam stress test. There was a significant relationship (p = 0.000) between the phenomenon of hair loss detected and the academic program taken by the student, with the most affected being accountancy with 85%, law with 75% law, and medicine 72%. Psychology reported the lowest with 27.5%. 84% of students with autoimmune disease have hair loss, the percentage of hair loss in those who reported moderate levels of stress was 59.4%. Conclusions: in the population of the present study there is a high proportion of hair loss, which makes an intervention urgent..(AU)

Clinical features of hair collar sign in 15 children and their implications / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate clinical features of hair collar sign in children and their implications.Methods Children with confirmed hair collar signs were collected from Department of Dermatology,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2014 and December 2017.The morphology,distribution and quantity of skin lesions and auxiliary examination results were analyzed retrospectively in 15 patients with complete clinical records.Results The center of skin lesions manifested as a round cystic lesion or a slightly depressed atrophic patch or plaque with lack of hair on the surface of the lesions.The lesions were surrounded by thick and long hair in 13 patients.The skin lesions occurred on the parietal lobe in 9 patients,and on occipital or temporal region in other patients.Of the 15 patients,14 had solitary lesions,and 1 had multiple lesions.Six patients were complicated by nevus flammeus.Brain magnetic resonance imaging examination of 11 patients revealed abnormalities in 2,including 1 with potential skull defect and brain tissue bulging,and 1 with cystic changes on the outer side of the cranial plate.B-mode ultrasound of the brain was performed in 4 patients,and no abnormality was found.Conclusions The skin lesions of hair collar sign are various,and most are solitary lesions.It mostly occurs on the parietal lobe,and is often complicated by nevus flammeus.This sign may suggest the presence of central nervous system malformation in patients.

Pilomatrix carcinoma: Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Pilomatrix carcinoma: Case report and literature review

Pilomatrix carcinoma es la forma maligna del pilomatrixoma que es una neoplasia benigna que se presenta en niños y adultos. Es infrecuente, se presenta como un nódulo solitario a predominio de cabeza y cuello, de tamaño variable; en varones de mediana edad. Se considera una neoplasia maligna de bajo grado y el manejo de elección es la escisión completa. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 32 años con un nódulo en región temporal occipital derecha, blando e indoloro, de 1,8 cm de longitud. Al corte se observó un tejido sólido amarillento encapsulado, y a la microscopía, bordes bien delimitados por células basaloides con núcleos hipercromáticos, pleomórficos, nucléolo prominente y de 0 a 3 mitosis atípicas por campo de alto poder; centro necrótico y células "fantasma". Dentro del diagnóstico diferencial debe considerarse el pilomatrixoma proliferante, el quiste triquilemal proliferante maligno y el carcinoma de células basales con diferenciación matricial. Los estudios complementarios de inmunohistoquímica no fueron contributorios. (AU)

Pilomatrix carcinoma is the malignant counterpart of pilomatrixoma, which is a benign neoplasm affecting children and adults. It is a rare condition, presenting as a solitary nodule on the head or neck mostly seen in middle age males. It is considered a low grade malignant condition; surgical removal is the treatment of choice. We report the case of a 32-year-old male patient who presented with a nodular lesion of 1.8 cm located on the temporo-occipital region. The section of this nodule showed an encapsulated solid yellow tissue that showed under the microscopy well demarcated borders with basal cells presenting with pleomorphic, hyperchromatic nucleus, prominent nucleolus and 0-3 atypical mitosis per high power field, necrotic center and "ghost cells". The differential diagnosis should include pilomatrixoma proliferans, malignant proliferative trichilemmal cyst and basal-cell carcinoma with matricial differentiation. Complementary immunohistochemistry studies were non-contributory. (AU)

A Case of Localized Trichorrhexis Nodosa Caused by Rubbing / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Yellow dots in trichoscopy: relevance, clinical significance and peculiarities

Abstract: Yellow dots are follicular ostium filled with keratin and/or sebum. Initially, they were exclusively associated with alopecia areata. Currently they have also been described in androgenetic alopecia, chronic cutaneous (discoid) lupus erythematosus, and dissecting cellulitis. Due to the growing importance of trichoscopy and its findings in the evaluation of the scalp, this article describes the main diseases in which yellow dots are a common trichoscopic finding, highlighting its characteristics in each dermatosis.

Cilindros capilares: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Hair rollers: case report and literature review

Introdução: Os cilindros capilares (CC) caracterizam-se por concreções cilíndricas branco-amareladas que envolvem a haste capilar, sem, porém, a ela aderir. Relato de caso: Paciente sexo feminino, 20 anos, fototipo III. Vem a consulta dermatológica devido a queda de cabelos de início há 3 meses. No início do quadro começou a observar nódulações esbranquiçadas aderidas às hastes dos fios, na porção proximal dos mesmos, assintomáticos. Exame micológico direto e cultura negativos. Levantada então a hipótese clínica de eflúvio telógeno e cilindros capilares. Foi então prescrito solução capilar de ácido retinóico 0,05% diariamente e orientada a não amarrar os fios. A paciente retornou ao consultório 4 semanas após, com diminuição das concreções esbranquiçadas. Discussão: Embora os CC sejam uma condição benigna e de baixa morbidade, é difícil o diagnóstico nas primeiras consultas, o que gera custos desnecessários com tratamentos inadequados.

Introduction: The capillary cylinders characterize for white-yellow cylindrical concretions that involve the hair shaft, without, however, adhering to it. They were described for the first time in 1957 for Kligman, and even though they are not uncommon, its bibliographic references are somehow rare, mostly in books. Case report: Female patient, 20 years old, photype III. The patient comes to the dermatologist complaining of losing hair for the last three months after applying a "brush progressive" which contained formaldehyde, without information of its concentration in the product. In the beginning the patient has also noticed some white little balls attached to the hair shafts in the proximal portion of it, whit no symptoms. She still reports having the habit to tie her hair strongly. To the dermatological examination, there have been noticed homogeneous thickness hair, positive to the traction (falling 6 hairs to traction in the right temporal region) and a discreet bitemporal rarefaction. The patient presented white concretions mostly in the front-temporal regions, which easily release to manipulation. Direct mycological examination and culture were negatives. There have been brought up two clinical hypothesis: telogen effluvium and capillary cylinders. It has been prescribed capillary solution of retinoic acid 0,05% daily and oriented to not tie her hair. The patient came back 4 weeks later, with decreasing of white concretions. Discussion: Even though the capillary cylinders are benign conditions and have low morbidity, and the fact of not being well known, frequently, there is confusion in its diagnosis, which can generate unnecessary costs and inadequate treatment.

Edema frontal após aplicação de minoxidil 5% e biotina em injeções intradérmicas / Frontal edema after application of 5% minoxidil and biotin in intradermal injections

A intradermoterapia, ou mesoterapia, é procedimento não cirúrgico, minimamente invasivo, que consiste em múltiplas aplicações de substâncias farmacológicas diluídas por via intradérmica ou subcutânea. Já foram relatados vários efeitos adversos posteriores a esse procedimento: alopecia, erupção liquenoide, oleoma, indução de psoríase e infecções cutâneas. A informação científica sobre o tema é escassa, e há poucos estudos com metodologia rigorosa acerca da eficácia e do mecanismo de ação da via intradérmica. Relata-se caso de edema frontal após intradermoterapia com minoxidil e biotina.

Intradermotherapy, also known as mesotherapy, is a non-surgical procedure, minimally invasive consisting of multiple applications of pharmacological substances diluted by intradermally or subcutaneously. Adversities already been reported after treatment mesoterápico as alopecia, lichenoid rash, oleoma, psoriasis induction and skin infections. There is scant scientific information on the subject, and few studies with more rigorous methodology of the efficacy and mechanism of action of intradermally. Knowing this, there was this article having a complicating account of this method in a patient of our service, and elucidate some of its benefits and other complications.

Distancia promedio de la línea de implantación pilosa frontal y sus estructuras en una población de mujeres colombianas / The Average Distance of the Frontal Hairline and its Structures in a Population of Colombian Women / Distância média da linha pilosa frontal no enxerto e suas estruturas numa população de mulheres colombianas

Introducción: La distancia promedio de las medidas de la línea de implantación pilosa frontal ha sido estudiada en múltiples países, encontrándose variaciones importantes entre ellos. A nivel local no existen estudios que nos permitan conocer el valor para la población colombiana. Objetivo: Determinar la distancia promedio de las estructuras de la línea de implantación pilosa frontal en mujeres. Metodología: Estudio transversal, analítico realizado en mujeres sanas mayores de 18 años, valoradas en consulta externa de dermatología y cirugía plástica de la clínica FOSCAL en Bucaramanga, Colombia, que no presentaran patologías capilares o alteraciones cráneo-faciales. A las participantes se les midió las estructuras de la línea de implantación frontal y se recolectaron variables sociodemográficas y dermatológicas. Resultados: Edad media encontrada fue de 34.3 años con rangos entre 18 y 84 años, el fototipo de piel más frecuente fue el III (42.3%), la frecuencia de pico de viuda fue del 47.6% con un alto de 9.7 mm (IC 9.1-10.3) y ancho de 14.2 mm (IC 13.5-14.8). Discusión: Los resultados encontrados difieren de manera estadísticamente significativa de los resultados reportados en Estados Unidos y España; esta diferencia puede deberse al origen étnico; así mismo hay que tener en cuenta el diseño metodológico y la población origen de los estudios fue diferente, lo cual podría explicar también en parte las diferencias. Conclusiones: Las medidas de la línea de implantación pilosa en Colombia son distintas a las reportadas en la población española y americana, por lo que se aconseja el uso de medidas locales en procedimientos de reconstrucción quirúrgica, con el fin de lograr resultados más acordes a la población local; además de tener un punto de referencia para sospechar ciertas enfermedades en estadios iniciales que cursan con retroceso de la línea de implantación. Se requieren estudios prospectivos con mayor tamaño de muestra que nos permitan estudiar variaciones de la línea de implantación pilosa dentro de la misma población, de acuerdo a sus medidas antropométricas y dermatológicas.

Introduction: The average distance of hairline measurements has been studied in multiple countries, finding important variations among them. At a local level, there are no studies that allow investigators to know the value for the Colombian population. Objective: Determine the average distance of the structures of the frontal hairline in women. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study carried out on healthy women over 18 years of age, who were assessed in the outpatient dermatology and plastic surgery departments of the FOSCAL clinic in Bucaramanga and they do not show capillary pathologies or craniofacial alterations. Results: The average age found was 34.3 years with ranging between 18 and 84 years, the most frequent skin phototype was III (42.3%), the frequency of the widow's peak was 47.6% with a height of 9.7 mm (CI 9.1-10.3) and width of 14.2 mm (CI 13.5-14.8). Discussion: The results that were found differ in a statistically significant way from the results reported in the United States and Spain; this difference may be due to ethnic origin; likewise, it is necessary to take into account the methodological design and the origin of the population of the studies were different, which could partly explain the differences as well. Conclusions: The measurements of the hairline in Colombia are different from those reported in the Spanish and American population; therefore, the use of local measures in surgical reconstruction procedures is recommended in order to achieve more consistent results with the local population. Additionally, this works as a point of reference to suspect about certain diseases in initial stages that occur with backward movement of the implantation line. Therefore, more prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required to allow researchers to study variations of the hairline within the same population, according to their anthropometric and dermatological measurements.

Introdução: A distância média das medidas da linha do cabelo frontal foi estudada em vários países, com importantes variações entre elas. No nível local, não há estudos que nos permitam conhecer o valor para a população colombiana. Objetivo: Determinar a distância média das estruturas do cabelo frontal em mulheres. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, analítico realizado em mulheres saudáveis com mais de 18 anos, avaliado em ambulatório de dermatologia e cirurgia plástica na clínica FOSCAL em Bucaramanga, Colômbia, que não apresentou patologias capilares ou alterações craniofaciais. Às participantes foram medidas as estruturas da linha de enxerto frontal e as variáveis sociodemográficas e dermatológicas foram coletadas. Resultados: A idade média foi de 34.3 anos, com intervalos entre 18 e 84 anos, o fotótipo de pele mais frequente foi III (42.3%), a frequência de pico da viúva foi de 47.6% com uma altura de 9.7 mm (IC 9.1-10.3) e largura 14.2 mm (IC 13.5-14.8). Discussão: No sentido estatísco, as diferenças são significativas às já reportadas nos Estados Unidos e Espanha. Essa diferença pode ser devido à origem étnica e ao fato de que a metodologia e a origem da população em estudo foi diferente, podendo explicar parte das diferenças. Conclusões: As medidas da linha do cabelo na Colômbia são diferentes das relatadas na população espanhola e americana, por isso é aconselhável usar medidas locais em procedimentos de reconstrução cirúrgica, a fim de alcançar resultados mais consentâneos com a população local; Além de ter um ponto de referência para suspeitar certas doenças nos estágios iniciais que ocorrem com o movimento para trás da linha de implantação. Estudos prospectivos com tamanhos de amostra maiores são necessários para permitir- nos estudar variações da linha do cabelo dentro da mesma população, de acordo com suas medidas antropométricas e dermatológicas.

Wooly hair nevus

Abstract Woolly hair nevus is a rare condition characterized by a structural anomaly of the hair, restricted to certain areas of the scalp. The hair becomes coiled and slightly hypopigmented. The term woolly hair refers to changes that affect all the scalp and has a hereditary character. We present a case of woolly hair nevus, that developed at the age of 2 years, associated with dental diastema and verrucous epidermal nevus.

Pili canaliculi as manifestation of giant axonal neuropathy

Abstract Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. The condition is characterized by neurons with abnormally large axons due to intracellular filament accumulation. The swollen axons affect both the peripheral and central nervous system. A 6-year old female patient had been referred to a geneticist reporting problems with walking and hypotonia. At the age of 10, she became wheelchair dependent. Scanning electron microscopy of a curly hair classified it as pili canaliculi. GAN gene sequencing demonstrated mutation c.1456G>A (p.GLU486LYS). At the age of 12, the patient died due to respiratory complications. Dermatologists should be aware of this entity since hair changes are considered suggestive of GAN.